Helium II modelled by Gandalf
Gandalf can model compressible flow of helium, all the way
down to below the lambda transition (around 2.17 K).
At this temperature helium becomes a quantum fluid with increased heat transfer capability, the so-called superfluid helium, or helium II.
Results
![[helium II]](./images/heliumII.gif) |
This is an example of the results found with Gandalf running a
simulation of the experimental conditions described by Srinivasan
and Hoffman in Cryogenics, 25, pp. 641-657, (1985).
A forced flow of superfluid helium is heated in the center of a pipe, and the temperature is measured along the pipe.
In helium II heat is transported by
convection downstream and by superfluid heat conduction
both
Gandalf simulates the heat transport with excellent results !
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